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Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (Fam. Myrtaceae) |
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 English Name |
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Latin Name |
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Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (Fam. Myrtaceae) |
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Hindi Name |
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Sanskrit Name |
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History |
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This plant was the principal source of medicinal eucalyptus oil in Spain, Portugal, Brazil, Columbia, Mexico and Belgian Congo. In Belgian Congo and in Guatemala, E. smithii was also exploited for medicinal oil. The oil was also called 'Nilgiri Taila' because of its area of cultivation, in India. The oil was widely extracted in the hills of Udagamand (Nilgiris, South India). It appears in many pharmacopoeias around the world. |
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Habitat |
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It consists of mature leaf of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (Fam. Myrtaceae) a large tree attaining a height of 90 m or more, native to Australia, but planted world wide and introduced in Nilgiris, Anamalai and Palni hills, Simla and Shillong at an altitude of 1500-2500 m.
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Morphology
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a) Macroscopic
Drug consists of mature leaves, more or less scimitar shaped, thick, leathery, greyish-green, petiolate, upto 26 cm long and 4 cm broad; petioles 2.0 to 3.5 cm long and 0.5 to 1.5 mm thick, sometimes twisted; apex acute to acuminate, base obtuse; midrib prominent, particularly on the lower surface; margin of leaf entire and somewhat thickened, brittle and possess numerous brown to dark brown corky warts. In transmitted light, numerous oil glands can be seen as transluscent dots; upper surface smooth, lower surface slightly rough due to the presence of projecting veins; venation - unicostate reticulate; lateral veins anastamose near the margin forming a continuous line; odour strong and characteristic.
b) Microscopic
Leaf - T.S. shows typical isobilateral structures with two or three rows of palisade cells on both upper and lower sides, surfaces show thick cuticle; numerous sunken stomata and large ovoid schizogenous oil cavities of 160 to 200 µ diam.; idioblasts present with rosettes or prismatic calcium oxalate crystals; rosette crystals 25 to 35µ in size, prismatic crystals 15 to 25µ in size; vascular bundle of midrib are crescent shaped with one vascular strand present on each side, all having interrupted patches of sclerenchyma; corky warts comprising of 10 or more layers of cells; laminary bundles enclosed in bundle sheath, the cells of which extend to the epidermis on both sides; upper and lower epidermal cells have straight walls; stomata anomocytic; stomatal index on both upper and lower surface 5 to 10; the palisade ratio on upper surface 5 to 17 and lower surface 3 to 6.
Powder - Yellowish brown, free flowing, characterized by the presence of cluster and prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate; epidermis straight walled with sunken stomata; fibers present.
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Principal Constituents Pharmacology
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Essential oil containing terpenes such as 1,8 - cineole, camphene, sabinene, myrcene, p-menthone, a-and ?-terpinene, fenchone, a- ß-thujone, citral, verbenone.
Cineole (62%) and pinene (24%) are the principal active constituents of the oil from leaves obtained from plantations of Nilgiri district of Tamilnadu. |
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Toxicology
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Cases of eucalyptus oil poisoning have been sometimes reported. In cases of babies and young children Eucalyptus oil should not be applied on face, especially on nose.
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Indications
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Dried leaves of Eucalyptus are used in the form of a tincture in asthma and chronic bronchitis. Eucalyptus oil is used locally as an antiseptic, especially in the treatment of infections of the upper respiratory tract. Mixed with an equal amount of olive oil, it is useful as a rubefacient for rheumatism. Internally it is used as a stimulating expectorant in chronic bronchitis and asthma. It is frequently given by inhalation. A few drops of the oil may be added along with menthol, oil of pine and Compound Tincture of Benzoin to boiling water and the mixed vapour and steam are inhaled. |
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Clinical Test
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The Nilgiri oil (Eucalyptus oil distilled in Nilgiris) is being used by the Medical Department of the Government of Madras for several years in cases of upper respiratory tract infections and has proved quite satisfactory.
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Product Related to
Blue gum, Eucalyptus
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Anti Cellulite Lotion
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