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Tribulus terrestris Linn. (Fam Zygopyllaceae) |
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 English Name |
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Caltrops fruit, Land Caltrops, Puncture Vine |
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Latin Name |
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Tribulus terrestris Linn. (Fam Zygopyllaceae) |
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Hindi Name |
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Sanskrit Name |
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Svadamstra, Goksuraka, Traikantaka, Trikatna |
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History |
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Habitat |
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It consists of dried, ripe, entire fruit of Tribulus terrestris Linn. (Fam Zygopyllaceae), an annual, rarely pernnial common weed of the pasture lands, road sides and other waste places, chiefly in hot, dry and sandy regions, grows throughout India as prostrate herb and upto 3,000 m in Kashmir.
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Morphology
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a) Macroscopic
Fruit stalked, light or greenish yellow, five ribbed or angled, more or less spherical in structure and covered with short stiff or pubescent hairs, 1 cm in diameter with five pairs, of prominent short stiff spines, pointed downwards, about 0.5 cm in length, tips of spines almost meet in pairs whole together forming pentagonal frame-work around fruit, ripe fruit separates into five segment, of each cocci and each appears as single-fruit, each coccus semi-lunar or plano-convex in structure one chambered, armed with a pair of spines, starting from its middle, containing four or more seeds, taste, slightly astringent.
b) Microscopic
Transverse section of fruit shows small epidermal cells of each coccus rectangular, unicellular trichomes in abundance, mesocarp 6-10 layers of large parenchymatous cells, rosette of calcium oxalate crystals abundantly present, mesocarp followed by 3-4 compact layers of small cells containing prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate.
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Principal Constituents Pharmacology
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Potassium nitrate, sterols, sapogenin with pyroketone ring (diosgenin), gitogenin and hecogenins.
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Toxicology
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Indications
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It is well known diuretic plant drug useful in urolithiasis, dysurea, impotence and kidney dysfunction. |
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Clinical Test
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Caltrops fruit, Land Caltrops, Puncture Vine
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