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Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers. (Fam, Menispermaceae) |
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 English Name |
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Latin Name |
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Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers. (Fam, Menispermaceae) |
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Hindi Name |
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Sanskrit Name |
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Amrtavalli, Amrta, Madhuparni, Guducik¡, Chinnobhava |
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History |
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Habitat |
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It consists of dried, matured pieces of stem of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers. (Fam, Menispermaceae), a perennial climber found throughout Tropical India, drug collected during summer preferably in the month of May, drug is used in fresh form also. |
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Morphology
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a) Macroscopic
Drug occurs in pieces of varying thickness ranging from 0.6-5 cm in diameter, young stems green with smooth surfaces and swelling at nodes, older ones show a light brown surface marked with warty protuberances due to circular lenticels, transversely smoothened surface shows a radial structure with conspicuous medullary rays traversing porous tissues, taste bitter.
b) Microscopic
Transverse section of stem shows outer-most layer of cork, differentiating into outer zone of thick-walled brownish and compressed cells, inner zone of thin walled colourless, tangentially arranged 3-4 rows of cells, cork broken at some places due to opening of lenticels, followed by 5 or more rows of secondary cortex of which the cells of outer rows smaller than the inner one, just within the opening of lenticels, groups of sclereids consisting of 2-10 cells found in secondary cortex region, outer zone of cortex consists of 3--5 rows of irregularly arranged, tangentially elongated chlorenchymatous cells, cortical cells situated towards inner side, polygonal in shape and filled with plenty of starch grains, simple, ovoid, or irregularly ovoid-elliptical, occasionally compound of 2-4 components, several secretory cells, found scattered in the cortex, pericyclic fibres lignified with wide lumen and pointed ends, associated with a large number of crystal fibres containing a single prism in each chamber, vascular zone composed of 10-12 or more wedge-shaped strips of xylem, externally surrounded by semi-circular strips of phloem, alternating, with wide medullary rays, phloem consists of sieve tube, companion cells and phloem parenchyma of polygonal or tangentially elongated cells, some of them contain cryste1s of calcium oxalate, cambium composed of one to two layers of tangentially elongated cells in each vascular bundle, xylem consists of vessels, tracheids, parenchyma and fibres, in primary xylem, vessels comparatively narrow devoid of tyloses, secondary xylem elements thick-walled, lignified, vessels cylindrical in shape bearing bordered pits on their walls some large vessels possess several tyloses and often contain transverse septa, meduallry rays 15-20 or more cells wide containing rounded, hemispherical, oblong, ovoid, with faintly marked concentric striations and central hilum appearing like a point, starch grains of 5.5-11.20 µ in diameter and 6-11.28 µ in length, pith composed of large, thin-walled cells mostly containing starch grains. |
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Principal Constituents Pharmacology
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Terpenoids and alkaloids.
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Toxicology
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Indications
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Clinical Test
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