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Nardostachys jatamansi DC.(Fam. Valerianaceae) |
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 English Name |
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Nardus root, Musk Root, Indian spikenard, Indian nard |
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Latin Name |
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Nardostachys jatamansi DC.(Fam. Valerianaceae) |
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Hindi Name |
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Sanskrit Name |
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History |
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t has been in use among the Indians as a perfume and medicine from ancient times. It is mentioned by Susruta in a prescription for epilepsy and is prescribed by Indian physicians as a nervine tonic, carminative and aromatic adjunct in the preparation of medicinal oils and ghees. N.jatamansi is the Nardin of Dioscorides, which the writer tells us, was also called Gangitis because the Ganges flowed from the foot of the mountains where the plant grew.
Arabic and Persian physicians call this plant Sumbul-i-Hindi, "Indian Spike", to distinguish it from their Sumbul-i-Rumi or Ikliti (Valeriana celtica), the root of which is used in Turkey and Egypt as a perfume.
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Habitat |
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It consists of dried rhizome of Nardostachys jatamansi DC.(Fam. Valerianaceae) , an errect perennial herb, 10-60 cm high growing at an altitude of 3000-5000 m on the sub-alpine Himalayan tracts.
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Morphology
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a) Macroscopic
Dried rhizome dark brown, 2.5-7.5 cm long, cylindrical, covered with reddish-brown fibres forming a net work, which are skeletons of sheathing leaf bases, fracture, brittle, internal colour reddish-brown, colour, strongly aromatic, taste, acrid, slightly bitter.
b) Microscopic
Transverse section of rhizome shows cork consisting of 2-5 layers of cells filled with oil globules, cortex characterised by the presence of schizogenous canals, phloem in form of patches of small cells, cambium ring distinct and continuous, xylem consists of vessles, scattered individually or in rows of two or three vessels, with scalariform thickening, older rhizomes show one or more stellate shaped rings of interxylary and medullary cork, completely or incompletely separating the rhizome into four to nine vascular strands by joining outer cork, each separated strand encircled by a few layers of cork cell consisting of an outer cortex zone followed by two or more functional vascular bundles, tissues in between the strands usually non-functional except for the cork cells which act as storage organ for oil globule.
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Principal Constituents Pharmacology
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Jatamansone, Jatamanshic acid, Virolin and its diastereomer. |
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Toxicology
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Indications
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Traditionally the drug has been used as a herbal CNS drug in epilepsy, hysteria, and convulsions. The oil possesses antiarrhythmic activity with possible therapeutic usefulness in cases of auricular flutter. |
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Clinical Test
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