Mucuna prurita Hook., Syn. Mucuna pruriens Baker. (Fam. Fabaceae),Cowhage, Cow-Itch Plant,Kapikacchu, Markachi, Kandura ,Kaunch, Kevanch

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You are here: Home > All Herbs > Mucuna prurita Hook., Syn. Mucuna pruriens Baker. (Fam. Fabaceae)

Cowhage, Cow-Itch Plant

	History
	Habitat
	Morphology
	Principal Constituents
	Toxicology
	Indications
	Clinical Tests
	Related Products

English Name

Cowhage, Cow-Itch Plant

Latin Name

Mucuna prurita Hook., Syn. Mucuna pruriens Baker. (Fam. Fabaceae)

Hindi Name

Kaunch, Kevanch

Sanskrit Name

Kapikacchu, Markachi, Kandura

Habitat

It consists of dried mature seed of Mucuna prurita Hook., Syn. M pruriens Baker. (Fam. Fabaceae); a slender extensive climbing plant found almost all over the country.

Morphology

a) Macroscopic Seed ovoid, slightly laterally compressed, with a persistent oblong, funicular hilum, dark brown with spots; usually 1.2-1.8 cm long, 0.8-1.2 cm wide, hard, smooth to touch, not easily breakable; odour, not distinct; taste, sweetish-bitter. b) Microscopic Mature seed shows a thin seed-coat and two hard cotyledons; outer testa consists of single layered palisade-like cells; inner testa composed of 2 or 3 layers, outer layer of tangentially elongated, ovoid, thin-walled cells, inner I or 2 layers of dumb-bell or beaker-shaped, thick-walled cells; tegmen composed of a wide zone of oval to elliptical, somewhat compressed, thin-walled, parenchymatous cells; some cells contain starch grains; cotyledons composed of polygonal, angular, thin-walled, compactly arranged, parenchymatous cells, containing aleurone and starch grains; starch grains small, simple, rounded to oval measuring 6-41 µ in dia., but not over 45 µ in dia.; a few vascular bundles with vessels showing reticulate thickening or pitted present, Powder - Pale cream coloured; shows fragments of testa with palisade-like cells thinwalled parenchyma, reticulate and pitted vessels, aleurone and starch grains small, simple, rounded to oval measuring 6-41 µ in dia., but not over 45 µ. in dia.

Principal Constituents Pharmacology

M.prurita has been found to contain L-DOPA, 40mg/g of the plant. The plant/seeds contain the bioactive alkaloids mucunine, mucunadine, mucuadinine, pruriendine and nicotine, besides ß-sitosterol, glutathione, lecithin, oils, venolic and gallic acids. The seeds with seed coat showed the presence of a number of bioactive subtances including tryptamine, alkylamines, steroids, flavonoids, coumarins, cardenolides, etc

Toxicology

Adverse effects were mild and were mainly gastro-intestinal in nature. No adverse effects were seen in clinical laboratory reports (Ibid, 1995).

Indications

L-DOPA is a neurotransmitter precursor, an effective drug for relief in Parkinson's disease. The seed is a prophylactic against oligospermia, useful in increasing sperm count, ovulation in women, etc. It prevents male and female sterility and acts as a nervine tonic.

Clinical Test

In 15 psychiatric patients, M.pruriens (15 g of of crude seed powder was found to significantly inhibit the prolactin response to chlorpromazine injection, as effectively as 0.5 g of L-dopa). No side effects were observed in these patients. Sixty patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with M.pruriens in an open study for 12 weeks. Statistically significant reductions in Hoehn and Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale scores were seen form baseline to the end of 12 week treatment.

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