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Myristica fragrans Houtt. (Fam. Myristicaceae) |
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 English Name |
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Latin Name |
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Myristica fragrans Houtt. (Fam. Myristicaceae) |
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Hindi Name |
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Sanskrit Name |
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History |
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Habitat |
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It consists of the endosperm of dried seeds (kernels of fruits) of Myristica fragrans Houtt. (Fam. Myristicaceae), dioecious or occasionally monoecious aromatic tree, about 10-20 m high, found mostly in Tamil Nadu and to some extent in Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Assam.
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Morphology
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a) Macroscopic
Seed ellipsoid, 20-30 mm long and about 20 mm broad, externally greenish-brown sometimes marked with small irregular dark brown patches or minute dark points and lines slightly furrowed reticulately, a small light-coloured area at one end indicating the position of the radicle a groove running along the line of raphe to the darker chalaza at the opposite end, surrounded by a thin layer of peri sperm with infoldings appearing as dark ruminations in the abundant greyish-brown endosperm, embryo, in an irregular cavity, small with two widely spreading crumpled cotyledons and a small radicle odour, strong and aromatic, taste, pungent and aromatic.
b) Microscopic
Transverse section of endosperm shows peripheral perisperm, of several layers of strongly, flattened polyhederal cells with brown contents, or containing prismatic crystals, inner layer of perisperm of thin-walled parenchyma about 40 µ thick, infolding into the tissue of the endosperm to form the ruminations containing numerous, very large oil cells with brown cell walls, vascular strands, in the peripheral region, numerous small spiral vessels, large celled, endosperm, parenchymatous With occasional tannin idioblasts with thin brown walls, containing numerous simple, rounded and compound starch grains, with upto about 10 components usually 2-8 individual grains, upto 20 µ in diameter present, most of the cells with crystalline fat and often a large aleurone grain in each cell, containing a rhombic protein crystal upto 12 µ and small aleurone grains with less regular crystalloids, embryo, of shrivelled and collapsed parenchyma.
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Principal Constituents Pharmacology
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In Nutmeg, fixed oil, a volatile oil and starch and principal constituents in Mace are volatile oil (Oil of Mace) and amylodextrin.
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Toxicology
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Indications
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Nutmeg is reported to be an expectorant, vermifuge, aphrodisiac, and as a nervine used by psychiatrists. It is used in tonics and electuaries and is recommended for the treatment of inflammations of bladder and urinary tract. Mace is used in folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatism. It has anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antibacterial properties. |
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Clinical Test
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