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Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. (Fam. Fabaceae) |
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 English Name |
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Latin Name |
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Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. (Fam. Fabaceae) |
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Hindi Name |
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Sanskrit Name |
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Asanaka, Bijaka, Bijasara, Pitasara |
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History |
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Habitat |
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It consists of dried stem bark of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. (Fam. Fabaceae); a moderate to large sized, deciduous tree, upto 30 m high and 2.5 m in girth, with straight clear bole, found throughout deciduous forests in peninsular India.
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Morphology
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a) Macroscopic
Drug consists of pieces of stem bark, 1-1.5 cm thick, channeled, usually yellowish-grey with brownish spots due to exudates, outer surface rough and uneven due to protuberances and exfoliations, longitudinal and horizontal cracks present, inner surface fairly smooth; fracture fibrous, breaks with much difficulty; taste, astringent.
b) Microscopic
Stem bark shows the presence of rhytidoma; idioblasts consisung of lysigenous cavities, present in a row just below cork; secondary cortex not distinct; secondary phloem occupies almost two third of the thickness of bark consisting of sieve elements, phloem parenchyma, phloem fibres, crystal fibres and traversed by a number of phloem rays; sieve elements and parenchyma found collapsed towards the middle and outer regions of phloem, forming ceratenchyma; phloem parenchyma thin-walled, circular to oval; phloem fibres single usually numerous in groups forming alternating bands throu-ghout phloem region, thick-walled and lignified with a small lumen; rhomboidal crystals of calcium oxalate found scattered throughout the region; lysigenous cavities and tanniniferous ducts filled with red colour masses distributed throughout phloem region; phloem rays very close to each other, mostly uniseriate but biseriate rays also occasionally found .
Powder - Yellowish-brown; shows plenty of lignified fibres, crystal fibres, reddish - brown contents and free rhomboidal crystals of calcium oxalate.
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Principal Constituents Pharmacology
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Tannins and Gum Kino (which contains Kino-Tannic Acid, 1-Epicatechin and a reddish brown colouring matter). |
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Toxicology
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Indications
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An aqueous infusion of the wood is said to be of use in diabetes. Tests on mice and rabbits with alcohol and aqueous extracts of the heartwood are said to have shown hypoglycemic action, probably by hindering the absorption of glucose in the intestine. |
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Clinical Test
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